Characteristics Of Civilization - 938 Words

Civilization to me is what makes up our lives. As humans we are part of different civilizations, but these civilizations are made up of specific cultures and societies. The actual book definition of a civilization would be, â€Å"networks of cities that emerge from pre-urban cultures and are defined by the economic, military, diplomatic, social and cultural interactions among them.† Over the course of the past couple weeks, I have had the chance to listen in on a podcast actually provided by Stanford University. This podcast is being made while a professor is teaching a class covering the geography of world cultures. I believe that geography has a lot to do with civilization, not only because location in this world plays a role in our lives,†¦show more content†¦The podcast itself talks about how people continue to join together. But also talks about how people are equally as divided and why they are divided. In the world we live in, people are divided by languages, c ultures, ethnicities, and religions. Language barriers are more common than we think, for example we encounter on a daily basis here in the very Hispanic state of Texas that many people only speak Spanish. I cannot imagine how difficult it must be for these people to communicate with only those who speak English, but because we do live in Texas, it is common that a first language be Spanish. Religion is essential in many people’s lives, so it is another major factor when we talk about our world being divided. Civilization and culture play a huge role in religion itself. People’s faith and culture work hand in hand to shape their culture of society and religious practices. In order for us to better understand the different types of civilization, we must explore the various types of culture and societies. The podcast was extremely map intensive. It used maps to explore how places vary from each other, and show the diversity of our world. It also touched base and examined the processes of contemporary transformation. An issue with this podcast is that the maps sometimes would not show up, so if the professor was speaking on a geographicShow MoreRelatedCharacteristics Of Ancient Civilizations1959 Words   |  8 Pages Were ancient cultures actually considered civilizations? Four of the most important ancient civilizations were Mesopotamia, ancient Egypt, ancient India, and ancient China. In order to be considered a civilization a culture must have seven different characteristics. These seven characteristics of a civilization are writing system, social classes, organized government, public works, arts and architecture, job specialization, and complex religions. Mesopotamia was a region in the fertile crescentRead MoreCharacteristics Of Ancient Civilizations1752 Words   |  8 PagesThe distinct characteristics of Ancient civilizations laid the foundation for future civilizations. Early civilizations developed distinct characteristics such as complex government, social, and economic structures. They also had distinct religion and major innovations. Some of the Ancient civilizations with distinct characteristics are Sumer, Babylon, Ancient Egypt and Israel. These civilizations existed between the time periods of about 3300 B.C. and about 332 B.C. Sumer was the worlds first civilizationRead MoreCharacteristics Of The Mayan Civilization814 Words   |  4 PagesMayan Civilization There were many incredible civilizations in mesoamerica including the Incas, Aztecs, and the Mayas. They all had many strengths and weaknesses but the strongest among them were the Mayans. The Mayans were a very advanced civilization who survived for many, many years. The Mayans were very advanced in astronomy. They could map out the stars, the planets, the sun, and the moon. They knew so much about astronomy that they built all of their buildings in perfect alignment with compassRead MoreCharacteristics Of The Mayan Civilizations733 Words   |  3 Pages There are many different types of civilizations. Three major ones are the Aztec, Maya, and Inca . These different civilizations play a very important role in history today. The Maya empire was highly skilled at building and architecture. They also were the only empire in mesoamerica to develop a complete writing system. The Maya were also highly skilled at agriculture and farming. The Maya were by far the most advanced and smart civilization. The Maya empire was very precise and exact when itRead MoreCharacteristics Of The Early Civilizations Of Mesopotamia1042 Words   |  5 PagesThe characteristics shown in the early civilizations of Mesopotamia are still evident in today’s world because without these basic standards set by the people of Mesopotamia, civilization could never have grown or had a reference point for the basic building blocks of society. Mesopotamia was able to grow through the development of technology, trade, stable political and military systems, and a class system that contributed to society . Mesopotamia’s way of life influenced many other civilizationsRead MoreSix Characteristics Of Civilization Essay865 Words   |  4 PagesThe six characteristics of a civilization are specialization in occupation, government, class structure, development of science and writing, state religion, merchants, and trade. Specialization in occupation was developed due to the increase in food produ ction. With the help of agriculture, people are less likely to hunt for food. Which gave them time to focus more on art, poetry, and music.As the civilization develop and became complex, they needed specialization. Such as tax collectorsRead MoreThe Common Characteristics Of Early Civilizations865 Words   |  4 Pagesdrew up a list of traits of to what he considered to be the common characteristics of early civilizations. According to Fagan Scarre, a recent archaeologist Charles Redman divided Childe’s list into primary and secondary characteristics. The primary characteristics included cities and states, together with full-time specialization of labor, concentration of surplus, and a class-structured society. For the secondary, the characteristics included symptoms or by-products of these major economic and organizationalRead MoreDefining Characteristics From Western Civilization946 Words   |  4 PagesDefining Characteristics from Western Civilization by 44 B.C.E Where would the world be if it wasn’t for Western Civilization? Our advances in education and technology would definitely be lacking and the different types of governments could possibly be nonexistent. Business would not be accomplished in the same manner and philosophies would not be taught in everyday life. Humans would not be critical thinkers. Because of Democracy, the invention of writing, and philosophy from Western Civilization, theRead MoreThe Characteristics Of Ancient Egypt As A Civilized Civilization777 Words   |  4 PagesAncient Egypt Ancient Egypt was a organized civilization because of the important civilization indicators they had- the seven indicators. Government is apart of the seven indicators. Government helped Ancient Egypt be well organized. The government had officials and government workers working there. Some jobs of the government was the pharaoh, the vizier, nomarks, army commander, chief treasurer, and the minister of public buildings.The more important jobs were the pharaoh, the vizier, and theRead MoreCharacteristics Of Understanding The Culture And Society Of Any Civilization2500 Words   |  10 Pagesâ€Å"The mother art is architecture. Without an architecture of our own we have no soul of our own civilization.† --Frank Lloyd Wright Architecture is an important aspect of understanding the culture and society of any civilisation. Today I will be looking what similarities and differences can be seen between the Minoan architecture from 1900BC to 1150BC and the Roman architecture from 27BC to 180AD. I’ll be mainly focusing on the palaces of Knossos and Phaistos of Minoan, Crete and The Colosseum ad

Sociology - 1681 Words

â€Å"In the world we now live, divisions into class are meaningless. We are all working people now.†(Margaret Thatcher in 1988) The discussion that if Britain is becoming a classless society last for a long time. Britain was a typical manufacturing country because of industrial revolution in 18 century. Then the class structure of Britain was changed due to the globalization and economic system which changed from industrial to service during 19th and 20th century. In this easy, we focus on the change of social class in Britain. It will begin with the theories (Marxism, Weber theory and functionalism) of social class .Following this, it will look at the changes of social class. Finally, it will discuss weather the class of Britain will be dead.†¦show more content†¦In fact , before the 1970s,the process of de-industrialization had started. Andrew Gamble (1985:67) believes that UK industrial decline was caused by the invest in the new infrastructural technologies .Ken Roberts argue that â€Å"Over half of the manufacturing jobs that exist in the 1970s have gone ,and in some industries the workforce have really collapsed.†(Robert, 2001,p65)This situation show that productivity was improved by new technology so that the same quantity goods can be predicted by fewer workers. He points out the industrial output has stayed about the same in Britain despite a declining workforce.(35)For Robert , the development of consumer services in leisure industries accelerate the shift from manufactory to service . Changes in distribution of wealth. Wealth is an important factor of class division and class inequality. If the wealth flew from rich to poor then it is proved the reduction in class inequalities. Information provided by Westergaard and Resler(1976)showed that there was a reduction of inequalities of wealth between 1991 and 1960.It suggests that theShow MoreRelatedSocial, Sociology, And Sociology857 Words   |  4 Pagesindividuals who need that extra support. Social work as a subject area includes elements of psychology, law and sociology. Social policy is the study of various areas of policy, within political or governmental setting, and is concerned with everything from the welfare state, to social services. Social policy is an academic study of theory, rather than current policies and draws from psychology, sociology, philosophy, and economics. What A Levels do I need? Each university will ask for varying grades and tariffRead MoreSociology : The Function Of Sociology951 Words   |  4 PagesSociology Observation Essay Sociology is the study of development and functioning of humans in society, in other words how a person reacts in a certain situation. Although hard to understand, sociology has many important points that add into the development of someones personality, values, religion, education, etc. As Pierre Bourdieu once said â€Å"The function of sociology, as of every science, is to reveal that which is hidden.† In this case, the social group that I had studied for 24 hours had manyRead MoreThe Basic Tools Of Sociology And Sociology1034 Words   |  5 PagesArgument: In this piece, Weber outlines the basic tools of sociology and distinguishes sociology as a social science. Weber’s main message in this piece is that that social sciences should be equivalent to natural sciences, and in order to do so, laws should be made within the field. Secondly, he wanted to bring history and sociology together with causal relationships, in doing so he would also analyze the individual’s social action. He mentions that action is only social when it is oriented to theRead MoreSociology1259 Words   |  6 PagesThe concept of sociology had been recognized by independent philosophers since the dawn of organized civilization. Philosophers such as Confucius and Xenophanes in their works had hinted at the clash of cultures and social hierarchy. Later, in the 14th century, Arab scholars such as Al Jahiz and Ibn Khalduns compliled books on the history of society itself. These works are known to be forerunners of sociology. In fact, books written by Ibn K haldun on social cohesion and conflict were translatedRead MoreSociology1447 Words   |  6 Pagescome to be called the labour process approach. †¢ Context for Braverman: ⠝‘ Braverman associated with Monthly Review journal – founded in 1949 by Paul Sweezy and Leo Huberman. An influential journal but little impact on American sociology. Best known product of this school is Baran and Sweezy’s Monopoly Capital (1966). Indeed, Braverman’s analysis of work is predicated theoretically upon Baran and Sweezy’s analysis of ‘Monopoly Capital’ [ie oligopolistic, ‘organized’ capitalism. Read MoreSociology1711 Words   |  7 Pagestake away from this is that you don’t shape reality, culture shapes you and how you view reality. For people who don’t know what sociology is or had no idea what it was before entering the class as I did myself, it can be simply described as a study of social life, social change, and the social causes and consequences of human behavior. A way of understanding sociology can be done through your own sociological imagination. 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Not only did Comte come up with this idea but there were several things that influenced the study of Sociology and how we view it today. These influences are called the origins of sociology and they include; new idea or discipline, Industrial RevolutionRead MoreSociology : Social Science And Sociology1386 Words   |  6 Pagesto the history of sociology, it was the nineteenth century that sociology emerged, with the word ‘ sociology ’ appeared in the Cours de ph ilosophie Positive Book 4[ Auguste Comte,1838 Cours de philosophie Positive] by Comte in 1838. The social forces, however, were complicated actually, which included both social, economical, cultural and even a little bit of political or religious elements. This essay explains these factors in the following part. 2.1 Social Science and Sociology The philosophesRead Moresociology4813 Words   |  20 Pagesex un touchables of the caste groups. they work as landless laborers. Describe the factors and forces of social mobility. 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Faces of Whiteness Response Free Essays

Faces of Whiteness 2 Abstract The article â€Å"Faces of Whiteness: Pitfalls and the Critical Democratâ€Å" by John T. Warren and Kathy Hytten is an article that reviews what it means to be white. The article’s writers questioned how white students experienced diversity education information. We will write a custom essay sample on Faces of Whiteness Response or any similar topic only for you Order Now After reviewing the article, I was led to decide where I was in the proposed construct suggested by the article as a white student. The following is my reaction to the article and my best judgement on where I stand in regards to the construct presented.Faces of Whiteness 3 My reaction to this conceptual framework is that it makes an assumption that because a person is white, that they must present with one of these four temporary ‘faces’. I suppose my background and upbringing and family make-up make it very difficult to comprehend this. Since I was raised in a military family around other military families of all colors and I had a black uncle and a gay uncle, it is difficult to find out where I am in this transformative process. I don’t fit neatly into any of the four faces listed in the article.I would have to create my own face. One that was brought up to be a critical democrat already with a shade of missionary and a shade of intellectualizer. I was never really referred to as â€Å"white† in opposition to anyone until I came to American schools in the 8th grade. By then, I guess I was ignorant to differences in color. When it was presented to me that I was a white child with a nice house and that was a ‘problem’ if I chose to hang around other non-white or poor children, I suppose I would have to have categorized myself as a borderline intellectualizer.I do find â€Å"diversity education fascinating(Warren amp; Hytten, 2004)†, however, I did not keep a distance as the lecture suggests. I tended to become a borderline ‘missionary’ face then because I took a stand with those that would be discriminated against due to color or socioeconomic disadvantage. I was a rescuer. I remember getting into fights during my high school years defending other students who were picked on or deprived something due to whatever privilege they were ‘lacking’ according to other students, teac hers or even administrators. I did learn quickly to see that as a white child with a nice house in America, I was privy to things my friends were not and I chose to identify that fact and still make sure Faces of Whiteness 4 that my friends knew that it didn’t matter to me. I was always able to put myself in other peoples’ shoes. I still try to do this. It has helped me a lot in mediation of different struggles with self, students, parents, colleagues and administration. I suppose growing up military makes you into someone different.I know that my current peers do not always understand how I keep my cool and don’t let things bother my or I don’t let parents of my students’ get the better of me. I am able to place myself in their situation, mostly because I have probably been there. I have been placed in many different scenarios growing up. None of which I feel are appropriate to share here. Suffice it to say, I can adequately place myself in the shoes of almost anyone these days and identify with their worries and their needs. I think it is this that makes my â€Å"face of whiteness’ difficult to distinguish.I believe that I am currently a critical democrat in the making and doing pretty well so far. As for how I can apply this concept in my classroom: I myself can practice active listening in order to be aware of where my students are in this construct and to help them grow through their ‘faces’ and to a point of critical democracy and understanding. I will need to create activities that encourage students to engage in dialogue that brings out their viewpoints on color or other differences and provide them a safe place to learn to become the critical democrat and grow out of the other â€Å"faces of whiteness†. In addition, I can present information and ideas that promote discussion utilizing the Social Action Approach mentioned in our text. Or I could blend a couple of approaches mentioned. If I use the Social Action approach, I would better â€Å"enable students to identify important social issues, gather data related to them, clarify their values, make reflective Faces of Whiteness 5 decisions, and take actions to implement their decisionsâ€Å" (Banks amp; Banks, 2010). I could do this by presenting specific lesson plans that directly address the issue of prejudice and create opportunities for discussion, introspection and reflection.Using groups that are diverse to incorporate the lessons may provide the students more opportunity to see another point of view. It may also allow them to befriend each other, thus improving race relations in the classroom and in the school. Faces of Whiteness 6References Warren, J. T. , amp; Hytten, K. (2004). The faces of whiteness: pitfalls and the critical democrat. Communication Education, 53(4), 321-339. Banks , J. A. , amp; Banks, C. A. McGee. (Ed. ). (2010). Multicultural education; issues and perspectives, 7th ed. . Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley amp; Sons. How to cite Faces of Whiteness Response, Papers

Environmental And Sustainability Reporting Use of Accounting Standar

Question: Describe about the Environmental And Sustainability Reporting for the Use of Accounting Standards. Answer: Introduction Currently, globalization has formulated as the key paradigm to integrate changes across the globe. It has caused an essential influence to result from it over the domain of accounting and finances. Therefore it has resulted in financial system globalization proceedings that further conjoin the standards of auditing and accounting and the standards for International finance reports. This has led towards the making of the essential integration based financial tools with criticality and efficiency (Roberts 2010). The report on sustainability additionally, is in an integrated report form which communicated in a legal and ethical manner, the company related performance perspectives. Under the financial standardization existence, the report on sustainability for organizations is seen as a powerful communication tool that occurs between company based potential stakeholders and also the management. This efficiently helps in exhibiting firm performance with regard to its key objectives of str ategy (Preiato et al 2011). Sustainability reporting integration is something that is valued highly and results in competitive benefit achievement for a firm. This further has an influence over the stakeholders positively. Taking into consideration, the continuous growth in criticality of the reporting on sustainability, this report has been prepared to focus over Australia in order to describe how effective accounting standards have been throughout academic literature researches and with reference to the nation specifically to support sustainable perspectives and reporting by firms. Part A: Current and Potential role of IFRS to support sustainable reporting, Literature Review The meaning of sustainability reporting According to Mariam, (2007), it is a well-known fact that the sustainability consideration challenges exist across every domain in a firm and these have continued to rise within different sectors inclusive of public and privatized etc (Sharpe 2009). Therefore all types of organizations have started to focus over the sustainability reporting initiative. According to the Australian institute of accounting standards, (2012), sustainability report is report development to exhibit the current requirement being met or yet to be met disregard the future constituents destruction or compromise which are needed for meeting the needs of future. According to Jacqualine, (2010), the standards of ACCA perceive to report on sustainability as the potential tool at the level of organization and nation (Apergis et al 2013). This not only results in benefiting firms but also helps in providing a change to the authorities of government prior to them indulging in taking decisions broadly over the society, economy and environment. It has further been depicted that the sustainability concept understands the interdependence features of variables in the economy, environment and society under the future generation influence. The conception is such that it proves its potential at a worldwide level. Sustainability reporting with disclosures of financial and non-financial nature It has been depicted that reporting of sustainability helps in indicating that the data and sources used are authentic. When this data is presented in a systematic way it helps in efficient results over organization present and future progress (Soderstrom et al 2007). Also, there is much efficiency that is gained at organization, domestic and global level for sustainability reporting and this has been verified through the research conducted by Cuadrado- Ballesteros et al, (2005). They highlighted that the existence of finance and non-finance reporting disclosures are further benefited and this in turn helps in sustainability reporting (Tyrrall et al 2007). The association of non-financial disclosures is not with the terms of finances and therefore it does not have any imposition from the standards of finances. However it is considered with influential data domain. On the other hand to this, the reporting of financial sustainability has a direct and essential relationship with standar ds of accounting and finances as it basically expressed financial concepts. There are several authorities providing frameworks and standards to maintain financial statement based sustainability and these are inclusive of IFRS, IAASB, IIRC and GAAP (Apergis et al 2013). These have a focus over correct transaction record integration, integration of values and also operations. All these together form the report on sustainability. It is further inclusive of prices related with carbon emission or emission in the environment, the price related with the measures of protection utilized to maintain the sustainability of environment and society etc. Henceforth under the context of finance related sustainable reporting, the Accounting standards contribution as well as support is evident not only at the domestic level but also at the global level. IFRS to support sustainability reporting All around the world, growing complexities in the organization related environmental sustainability practices has been recognized. Major efforts as a result have been put in through the International Audit and assurance board of standards also known as the IAASB (Ball 2006). This board has approved the corporate sustainability reporting guidelines and the related international standards. Another essential measure has been contributed through the Global reporting initiative with regard to the provision of international standards. This authority according to Jones et al, (2010), has resulted in providing a comprehensive paradigm to report sustainability. The guidelines have also been provided in this inclusive of performance measure reporting along with considering influence with regard to societal stability and environment sustainability (Barbu et al 2014). It is inclusive of the Greenhouse Gas Emission data disclosure, information on costs related with carbon dioxide integration with operations and the certification presence. According to Alpha et al, (2013), however, it has been enunciated that there still are no generally acknowledged global standards that can support sustainable financial reporting economically, environmentally or socially. According to the standards of IFRC, there exist sustainability force worldwide and these factors are totally 10 in number (Barbu et al 2014). The factors include consideration on changes in climate, deforesting, decline in ecosystems, fuel consideration, and energy consideration, security of food, material resource inadequacy, and consistent enhancement in growth of population, higher urban growth, water inadequacy and wealth management provisions. These factors are of much essence and therefore IFRS has considered to support the measures of sustainability through company accountability for the issues in environment. Major organizations furthermore have adopted IFRS across the world in order to compare and replace the standards of financial reports (Brown and Tarca 2005). This has been done because IIRC has made these effective and authentic in relation to competitive success achievement by sustainability reports being published. According to Griffin et al, (2014), it has been depicted that todays approach on sustainability has become the paradigm for behaviour posture. This is essential being taken up through organizations so as to face the challenges growingly and address the associated risks with the business domain competitively and accountably. With regard to measuring the organization responsibilities and effort connected with sustainability, GRI has offered much contribution and also support of comprehensive nature (Brown 2011). Within the globalized concerns, however, it has further ben stated that the standards by IFRS are not only reliable but also adequate to support the companies sustainability determination. The key issue is that it needs longer time when constructing and considering to integrate the standards of IFRS or even GAAP standards take time. Part B: Accounting standards to support sustainability reporting in Australia A constantly growing demand is faced by the Australian organizations from varied stakeholder in order to become more accountable and transparent in regards to the environmental, social and economic performance. There is a wide range of reporting required from the organizations, many of which are asked by central agencies that has resulted in considerable burden for the agencies itself. This is especially the case wherein integration is not in place in the systems of reporting and information of operational management. The associated parties and central agencies usually require information that is similar in nature (Daske and Gebhardt 2006). It is recognized that there is growing requirement for a model to present overall information wherein minute data sets are elaborated for individual area of needed reporting of performance (involving corporate, economic, people and services) and that is in alignment with the management reporting at the levels of pubic, central and agency (Chen et al 2010). It is ideal that information is collected once and used numerously that is derives from the operating systems of departments to ensure seamless use for the purposes of public reporting. All of this need common standardization and definition. Crucial role is played by sustainability reporting for the agencies of Australia in allowing accountability and transparency while the processes of reporting are streamlined (Epstein et al 2008). It is considered that addition of more information for reporting is not the concern, the primary use is about connections making as well as encouragement in thinking that is holistic. This can have an advantage in clutter removal and reduction of the overall burden associated with reporting. Quality and value can be added by the sustainability reporting to the information of management, this ensures the disclosure of information related to pivotal performance. An imminent role can be played by the sustainability reporting and measures in getti ng done that is measured (Epsten et al 2010). The availability of sustainability metrics further helps in integrating sustainability issues within the processes of decision making. Organizations are assisted through the sustainability reporting in various reporting that exists and tasks of management for an example, strategic planning, efficiency of operations, customer service, labour relations, management of stakeholder, workforce managing as well as management of environment. There is possibility for aligning most of the required reporting by agencies with the disclosure items of Global Reporting Initiative (GRI). Bride between several disclosures are provided by the sustainability reporting (Fontes et al 2005). Organizations can be assisted through the Sustainability reporting framework of GRI in understanding of the associated among governmental strategies and policies, outcomes and operational impacts. Sustainability reporting framework developed by GRI involves guidelines for sustainability reporting, sector supplements, protocols of boundary and technical and the national annexes. The framework of sustainability reporting also intends to works as a framework that is generally accepted for organizational reporting of economic, social and environmental performance (Gray et al 2012). It is prepared in such a manner that organizations of any industry, size or location can utilize it. The practical considerations are taken into account that were experienced by the organizations of diverse range, including smaller firms to the organizations with operations dispersed geographically and extensively. The framework of sustainability reporting was developed with the use of process which looks for consensus by dialogue among business stakeholders, labor, community of investor, civil society, academia and accounting with others (Gray 2010). The framework of GRI also provided foundation for the guidelines for sustainability reporting which is present in the third generation currently. Sustainability disclosure are features which can be adopted by organizations incrementally and flexibly allowing it to maintain transparency in regards to their performance in the areas of key sustainability (Guthrie et al 2009). The most complete and latest version of sustainability reporting guidelines are G3.1. This version was launched in the year of 2011 completing the G3 guidelines content which was released in the year of 2006. The guidance was expanded in the G3.1 on the impact of local community, gender and human rights. The guidelines of fourth generation that is G4 is presently under developme nt. (Guidelines on sustainability reporting by GRI, Australia) (Iatridis 2010) A determination is necessary to make in regards to the content that report needs to cover to ensure that performance of organization is presented in a reasonable and balanced manner. This determination is to be made with consideration of the both experience and purpose of the organization along with the interest and expectations of the stakeholder of the concerned organization. In deciding the inclusions to be made in report, both are considered as reference points that are important (Kent et al 2008). The GRI does not expect that the organizations which are reporting will include and report of all standardized disclosures and indicators, it is implies that the organizations will identify the suitability of the content in the report as per their audience and organization itself. The primary components of reporting as per the guidance of GRI facilitation involves the following (Kolk 2013): The sustainability reporting principles of stakeholder inclusiveness, materiality, context of sustainability, and completeness assists in determination of the reporting elements. Applying these defined principles along with the disclosures of standard determines the indicators as well as the topics to be included in reporting (Iatridis et al 2010). The principle reporting elements of comparability, balance, timeliness, accuracy, clarity and reliability enabling achievement of required quality of information being reported. Providing guidance for the organizations that will report in terms of defining the entities range to be represented within reporting (Kolk 2012). This is also referred to as report boundary. Information is identified by the guidelines which is material and relevance to majority of organizations as well as interest majority of stakeholders in reporting the standard disclosures of three forms: Profile and Strategy: Involves disclosures which defined the overall context for organizational performance understanding like its governance, profile and strategy. Approach of Management: Disclosures covering the manner in which organization address the topics within given set in providing the context for understanding of specific areas performance (Li 2010) Indicators of Performance: Such indicators which elicit information to be comparable in the context of organizational social, environmental and economic performance. Sustainability reporting in Australia is voluntary. Organizations that opts to deliver sustainability reporting chooses the same because of the extent of following reasons: Providing information to the stakeholders that non-shareholders including employees and consumers in regards to the environmental as well as social impact of the organizational performance along with placed strategies or under development for improvisation of such impacts (Pannanen et al 2011). Assisting investors, shareholders along with the market in determination of the manner in which organizations are operating with risks of financial and non-financial kind. Allowing the organizations to achieve the following: Identification of improvement areas within operations and/or management; Identification and improvised management of the associated non-financial risks Identifying newer areas of market and opportunities of business Benchmarking of the performance against their rival organizations Improvisation of their reputation and their brand name (Parker et al 2011) Recruitment and retention of staff with high caliber According to the report of Certified Practicing Accountants Australia (CPA Australia), Sustainability including potential practice and performance, there is a strong link present among the sustainability reporting and corporate distress low probability. The following findings were submitted by CPA Australia: This relation implies that organizations issuing sustainability reports possess higher awareness of the risk in wider range which might impact the business and displays that long termed and higher holistic approach to complex management of risk results in rewarding both the stakeholders as well as shareholders (Preiato et al 2011). Preparation for sustainability reports are undertaken to deliver non-financial information to the numerous stakeholders of the organization (Roberts 2010). As per the recent survey conducted by the Centre for Australian Ethical Research (CAER) on sustainability reporting, the primary audience of target for sustainability reporting are 87 per cent employees, 79 per cent consumers, 74 per cent shareholders, 67 per cent local community, 54 per cent investors that are institutional, 54 per cent suppliers, 59 per cent analysts and 28 per cent of the NGOs and governments. Impediment that is major in sustainability reporting uptake is the associated resources and cost with their preparation (Sharpe 2009). The CAER report also indicated that majority of the respondents (78 per cent) considered resource and cost constraints as the barrier in sustainability reporting. For an example, $150,000 was quoted by Wesfarmers including auditing and printing but excluding the cost associated with time of the staff. Flexibility was identified as the primary principle within the sustainability reporting in order to fulfill the diverse need of the Australian business community. Best practice recommendations and Good Corporate Governance of the ASX Corporate Governance Council showcases an appropriate flexible approach example. The ASX council recommendations imply that the complexity, size and operations of organizations vary due to which flexibility should be provided in the adopted structures for the purpose of optimization of their individualized performance (Soder strom et al 2007). It is emphasized that the flexibility should in combination with accountability, as the obligation will be present to explain investors in regards to alternative approach being adopted. Under the new guidelines of corporate governance, the public organizations are required to disclose the exposure to risks related to economic, social and environmental sustainability. These principles have surfaced for the first time post global financial crisis as the organizations were not needed to mention non-financial risks previously. Conclusion From the perspective of this report, it is evident that a major role is played by accounting standards such as GRI and IFRS in relation to sustainability reporting. The growing concerns on sustainability have led towards driving this change. There were 2 essential parts in this report. The first part has addressed a comprehensive research in the domain and has clearly outlines the support that sustainability reporting has gained. It was analysed that there are some concerns of profitability that companies face and they have to undertake the concerns of sustainability (Van Greuning et al 2011). With the presence of guiding factors and guidelines, it becomes possible for organizations to report sustainability in the most appropriate manner. Continuously there are boards such as SASB, IIRC and also IASB which are working collaboratively for IFRS integration within companies. This will help companies to generate effectively and efficiently their reports on sustainability and deal with th e challenges in economy, environment and society. Part B on the other hand, of this report has brought forwards the use of accounting standards to support sustainability reporting within the context of Australia. In Australia, the accounting standards have proved to be of much benefit. The professional accountants have also indulged to understand the issues involved in sustainability reporting (Tyrrall et al 2007). Looking at these issues, the accounting initiatives have been designed by them in order to put forwards appropriate value to the process of sustainability reporting. With such a provision, success has been gained to a higher level in sustainability reporting by Australian firms at all levels. References Apergis, N, Eleftheriou, S, Payne, JE 2013, 'Analysis: The relationship between international sustainability reporting standards, carbon emissions, and RD expenditures: Evidence from European manufacturing firms',Ecological Economics, vol. 88, no. Transaction Costs and Environmental Policy, pp. 57-66. Ball, R., 2006. International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS): pros and cons for investors.Accounting and business research,36(sup1), pp.5-27. Barbu, E.M., Dumontier, P., Feleaga, N. and Feleaga, L., 2014. A proposal of an international environmental reporting grid: What interest for policymakers, regulatory bodies, companies, and researchers?: Reply to discussion of mandatory environmental disclosures by companies complying with IAS/IFRS: The Case of France, Germany and the UK.The International Journal of Accounting,49(2), pp.253-262. Barbu, E.M., Dumontier, P., Feleagă, N. and Feleagă, L., 2014. Mandatory environmental disclosures by companies complying with IASs/IFRSs: The cases of France, Germany, and the UK.The International Journal of Accounting,49(2), pp.231-247. Brown, P. and Tarca, A., 2005. A commentary on issues relating to the enforcement of International Financial Reporting Standards in the EU.European Accounting Review,14(1), pp.181-212. Brown, P., 2011. International Financial Reporting Standards: what are the benefits?.Accounting and business research,41(3), pp.269-285. Chen, H., Tang, Q., Jiang, Y. and Lin, Z., 2010. The role of international financial reporting standards in accounting quality: Evidence from the European Union.Journal of International Financial Management Accounting,21(3), pp.220-278. Daske, H. and Gebhardt, G., 2006. International financial reporting standards and experts perceptions of disclosure quality.Abacus,42(3à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ 4), pp.461-498. Epstein, B.J. and Jermakowicz, E.K., 2008.Wiley IFRS 2008: Interpretation and Application of International Accounting and Financial Reporting Standards 2008. John Wiley Sons. Epstein, B.J. and Jermakowicz, E.K., 2010.WILEY Interpretation and Application of International Financial Reporting Standards 2010. John Wiley Sons. Fontes, A., Rodrigues, L.L. and Craig, R., 2005, December. Measuring convergence of national accounting standards with international financial reporting standards. InAccounting forum(Vol. 29, No. 4, pp. 415-436). Elsevier. Gray, R. and Milne, M., 2012. Sustainability reporting: who's kidding whom?.Chartered Accountants Journal of New Zealand,81(6), pp.66-70. Gray, R., 2010. Social, environmental and sustainability reporting and organizational value creation? Whose value? Whose creation?.Accounting, Auditing Accountability Journal,19(6), pp.793-819. Guthrie, J. and Farneti, F., 2009. GRI sustainability reporting by Australian public sector organizations.Public Money and management,28(6), pp.361-366. Iatridis, G. and Rouvolis, S., 2010. The post-adoption effects of the implementation of International Financial Reporting Standards in Greece.Journal of international accounting, auditing and taxation,19(1), pp.55-65. Iatridis, G., 2010. International Financial Reporting Standards and the quality of financial statement information.International Review of Financial Analysis,19(3), pp.193-204. Kent, P. and Stewart, J., 2008. Corporate governance and disclosures on the transition to international financial reporting standards.Accounting Finance,48(4), pp.649-671. Kolk, A., 2013. Trends in sustainability reporting by the Fortune Global 250.Business strategy and the environment,12(5), pp.279-291. olk, A., 2012. A decade of sustainability reporting: developments and significance.International Journal of Environment and Sustainable Development,3(1), pp.51-64. Li, S., 2010. Does mandatory adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards in the European Union reduce the cost of equity capital?.The accounting review,85(2), pp.607-636. Pannanen, M. Lin, H., 2011, The Development of Accounting Quality of IAS and IFRS over Time: The Case of Germany", Journal of International Accounting Research, Vol. 8 No. 1, pp. 31-55. Parker, R. Morris, R., 2011, "The Influence of US GAAP on the Harmony of Accounting Measurement Policies of Large Companies in the UK and Australia", Abacus, Vol. 37 No. 3, pp. 297-328. Preiato, J. Tarca, A., 2011, IFRS adoption, analysts and institutional setting, AFAANZ Annual Conference, Adelaide, Australia. Roberts, E., 2010, "In defence of the survey method: An illustration from a study of user information satisfaction", Accounting and Finance, Vol. 39 No. 1, pp. 53-77. Sharpe, M., 2009, "Is Australia Moving Too Far Ahead of the United States in the Convergence to International Accounting Standards?", Australian Accounting Review, Vol. 9 No. 3, pp. 69-72. Soderstrom, N. Un, K., 2007, IFRS Adoption and Accounting Quality: A Review, European Accounting Review, Vol. 16 No. 4, pp. 675-702. Tyrrall, D., Woodward, D. and Rakhimbekova, A., 2007. The relevance of International Financial Reporting Standards to a developing country: Evidence from Kazakhstan.The International Journal of Accounting,42(1), pp.82-110. Van Greuning, H., Scott, D. and Terblanche, S., 2011.International financial reporting standards: a practical guide. World Bank Publications.

Racialism Essays - Social Constructionism, Kinship And Descent

Racialism Appiah addresses the issues of racialism, intrinsic racism, and extrensic racism in his article entitled RACISMS. However, after analyzing Appiah's views on racism and its different forms, his views on the theoretical validity of racialism and extrinsic racism are seriously doubted. Appiah defines racialism as "the view that there are essentail characteristics that allow us to classify people into distinct races, each of which shares certain traits and tendencies". On this topic, Appiah thinks that this theory, or way of categorizing people is false. He thinks that it is merely an excuse for people to practice types of racism. Among the two most distinct types of racism are intrinsic and extrinsic. Intrinsic racism consists of people who differentiate morally between members of different races because they "believe that each race has a different moral status, quite independent of the moral characteristics entailed by its racial essence." For the intrinsic racist there is no moral, intellectual, cultural, or perhaps even physical trait or act in relevancy to a member of another race that would merit equal treament. Extrinsic racists make moral distinctions between members of other races because they believe that the racial essence entails certain morally relevant qualities. The extrinsic racist's discrimintation stems from the belief that different races are different genetically, and these genetic differences constitute different treatment and expectations. Even with evidence that states otherwise, evidence that points that a person of another race is intelligent, or noble, there is nothing that can deter the extrinsic racist's perceptions about those of another race. But, the extrinsic racist may in fact have friends or loved ones in that race.It is this belief that leads Appiah to believe that these individuals have a "cognitive incapacity", or an inability to reason. Appiah comments early on that racialism is a false concept, or view. His grounds for his claim is that it serves as a presupposition to two types of racism, extrinsic and intrinsic. However, he is only keeping in consideration a few results and purposes of racialism. When Appiah looks at racialism, he sees that it is a science that allows us to classify people into distinct races based on character traits and tendencies. In his perspective, this serves no further purpose but to validate racism, and that it is a concept that is false in theory. The truth of the matter is there are certain obvious differences based on race. Most apparent is skin color, and other physical characteristics like hair, eyes, lips, etc. That fact alone weakens Appiah's argument racialism is false. This weakens Appiah's argument because when he says that racialism is false in theory, part of what he saying that either there are no traits that allow us to classify people into races. Certain physical characteristics are evident in races and allows us to classify by race. The second part of Appiah's argument regarding racialism is that racialism also classifies on character tendencies originating from race. It is generally agreed that race had no create character tendencies, morals, and actions. However, race can indirectly play a role in the development of many characteristics. Race is becoming less of a factor as more and more people engage in racial mixed relationships. But it is a factor. Certain races are more inclined to be a part of certain cultures, with their own respective value systems. For instance, being born Chinese does not automatically make you good at kung-fu, give you more of a natural ability to draw, or a more respectable person. However, due to the history of the chinese, and the culture behind it their are certain traits that a chinese individual would be more likely to take on. Chinese may be more likey to draw well because of calligraphy, in which every word is basically a little picture. this obviously would help to develop control over the pen. The culture of the chinese has a very heavy influence on respecting one's parents and the elderly, which would undoubtably make older individuals seem more honorable or wise. So in that case, race does indeed have an impact on character tendencies and behavior. It shows that race can have a connection to culture and upbringing, which does relate to the type of person that will develop. This is where Appiah's theory that racialism is a presupposition to to racism comes into play. These cultural characteristics can easily be mistaken for racial characteristics. Also, none of these traits are absolute, or definate. Culture does not have the power to dictate a person's morality, behavior, and abilities, but it can influence these things.

The Mystery of the Stellar Sea Lion essays

The Mystery of the Stellar Sea Lion essays An entire species is dying off, and quickly for that matter. Since the 1960s, about 94 percent of all Steller sea lions have been killed off due to reasons ...including pollution, climatic changes, marine debris, and disease so far to no avail. Vanishing from Alaskan waters, and biological detectives not having a reason as to why, David Holthouse tells the mystery just how it is, and just what we can do to help slow down the serial killings of a species that has no profound reason to die off quite yet. With very few of these specific sea lions left, an ecosystem is being damaged and in turn, is hurting innocent marine-mammals. Named after George Wilhelm Steller, the Steller Sea Lion was discovered way back in 1742 during his voyage around some harsh Alaskan waters. Historically, the range from the Gulf of Alaska to the Bering Sea and all around the Aleutian Islands has been the main home to the Steller Sea Lion for centuries. From 1960 to 1989 the population of these sea lions has decreased dramatically from 140,000 all the way to 65,000 respectively. Many, including coordinators from the Alaska Department of Fish and Games Division of Wildlife Conservation, believe that people may be at the root of this problem, and that something incredibly unnatural is causing this heartbreaking story. Something somewhere is out of balance. Narrowed down by both federal and state level scientists, the cause of this monstrosity has been left to commercial fishing. Not necessarily is it that commercial fisherman are catching the northern sea lions, but that they are gathering up all the fish and Pollock that these sea lions live on. Not only are the Steller Sea Lions the species slowly depleting from earths surface, but many other marine-mammals, too, due to the large commercial fishing market that is altering the abundance of key prey species in ways that make foraging more difficult for all t...

A Study On The Blooming Of Convenience Store

A Study On The Blooming Of Convenience Store This research proposal studies on the factors which affect the blooming of convenience store in petrol kiosk. The components of blooming of convenience store are based on the economy of the country, the sales of petrol kiosk, and the spending potential of the customer. Objectives: To investigate how the economy of the country can affect the blooming of convenience store in petrol kiosk To investigate how the sales of petrol kiosk affects the blooming of convenience store in petrol kiosk To find out if the spending potential of the customer affects the blooming of convenience in petrol kiosk Research Question: How the economy of the country can affect the blooming of convenience store in petrol kiosk? How the sales of petrol kiosk affect the blooming of convenience store in petrol kiosk? How the spending potential of customer affect the blooming of convenience store in petrol kiosk? Introduction: A convenience store is a small store that sells items such as bakeries, beverage, biscui t, car care, confectionary, groceries or some selective processed food, lubricants, personal care and household, salty snacks or local tidbits, tobacco, newspaper and magazine. Some part of petrol kiosk may also sell windshield washer fluid, radiator fluid and maps. A convenience store can be a reasonably profitable  business  because many people will pay extra to buy an item quickly and conveniently or sometimes to make up for the convenience they offer. The price in convenience store are often higher the supermarkets or hypermarkets. The key for a successful convenience store is the location. That’s why stores are normally located along busy roads, high population neighbourhoods and petrol kiosk. Travellers normally stopping by for petrol or toilet facilities are often appreciate the convenience of having foods, drinks, reading materials and maps available without having to go to a supermarket. Convenience stores are usually open even when supermarkets are closed and us ually allow for quick shopping and service. For locals, they likely to go to convenience store when their regular supermarket is closed and they need the items such as milk, toilet paper or bread that they already running out at home. However, many locals go to convenience stores regularly to buy magazine and candy. Students often buy cold drinks and snack foods from convenience store. Many convenience stores have microwaves for heating up the prepared sandwiches, soups and hot dogs they sell. Some stores also have coffee and breakfast sandwich special for those people who travel for work in the morning. Drinks and coffee machines and prepared foods are often together in another area and there may be a deli. Newspaper sometimes included in these offers and it may be available at the front counter and or at the magazine rack in the store. Convenience stores often carry at least some ready-to-go items such as muffins and doughnuts. Significant of Study: This study aims at finding out the relationships between the large potential of customer, the economy, and sales of the petrol kiosk, spending potential of the customer and strategic location with the blooming of convenience stores in petrol kiosk.

Occupational Therapy for Dementia Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Occupational Therapy for Dementia - Case Study Example Over and above that, she has evidence of rheumatoid arthritis of both hands. She tripped and fell in the bathroom; this impairment of mobility may get accentuated with her rheumatic disease. She has been admitted to the hospital for observation and further evaluation. She has evident dementia. She has been admitted to the acute care, and an occupational therapy evaluation and management plan will be enacted from this history. The evaluation method used in occupational therapy for AD is based on observation and interview. The most important central theme is to observe clients' involvement in activities of daily living. This information must be corroborated with other information obtained from interviewing family members or caregivers. Literature indicates use of several performance based measures such as Assessment of Motor and Process Skills (AMPS), Cognitive Performance Test (CPT), Daily Activities Questionnaire, Disability Assessment for Dementia (DAD), Functional Performance Test (FPT), and Kitchen Task Assessment (KTA). These are important to assess the extent and

CASE STUDY Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Case Study Example The handheld solution was a lot better than the laptop solution because of various reasons. First reason being that the time needed to boot the laptop, login to the VPN and access the information was same as that needed to call CSRs. This meant that salespersons would rather call the CSR than use their laptop. This was not the case with Smartphone, information was accessible in seconds. Second was the portability and simplicity factor of the Smartphone. It was lot easier to carry and simpler to use when compared to laptops. The other types of information, besides inventory, that the salesperson might like to have access to over their BlackBerry phones are customer database, product catalogue, price details, order status information, sales forecasts, sales targets, sales force route planning and navigations, internet, market research, etc. There are numerous security issues that arise when there is mobile access to private corporate information. The company’s confidential information can be now accessed by anybody who can get through the network. Crackers can easily break into networks if there aren’t strict security policies. This information can be used against the company in numerous ways. Apart from access to information various changes can be made to the network that can make a deep impact on the company. Barriers that exist in businesses that hamper the adoption of enterprise 2.0 are traditional business culture and the belief that social networking leads to generation of huge amounts of worthless data. According to traditional business culture the time spent on social networking sites eats from the actual productivity. The best way to make a case for the implementation of Enterprise 2.0 is to highlight the effectiveness in communication among different departments of the company. It makes it even more attractive if the company has an international presence. Also, the wrong notion that Enterprise 2.0 applications

MockingJay Capitol and Air Duct Surprises Essay Example for Free

MockingJay Capitol and Air Duct Surprises Essay â€Å"All right, that’s it,† Paylor says. Flames and heavy black smoke from the wreckage obscure our view. â€Å"Did they hit the hospital?† â€Å"Must have,† she say grimly. As I hurry towards the ladders at the far end or the warehouse, the sight of Messalla and one od the insects emerging from behind an air duct surprises me. I thought they’d still be hunkered down in the alley. â€Å"They’re growing on me,† says Gale. I scramble down the ladder. When my feet hit the ground, I find a bodyguard, Cressida, and the other insect waiting. I expect resistance, but Cressida just waves me toward the hospital. She’s yelling, â€Å"I don’t care, Plutarch! Just give me five more minutes!† Not one to question a free pass, I take off into the street. â€Å"Oh, no,† I whisper as I catch sight of the hospital. Some people say they think our government is bad? Well check this out; 16 year old Katniss Everdeen is visiting a hospital to give the injured and dying people of District 8 hope. But when she is done, Capitol planes sent from President Snow attack her and her crew. Katniss and Gale shoot them down, but they find the hospital in ruins. Katniss records her own message for the capitol. MockingJay by Suzanne Collins. â€Å"Oh, no,† I whisper as I catch sight of the hospital. Or what used to be the hospital. I move past the wounded, past the burning plane wreck, fixated on the disaster ahead of me. People screaming, running about frantically, but unable to help. The bombs have collapsed the roof and set the building on fire, effectively trapping the patients within. A group of rescuers has assembled, trying to clear a path inside. But I already know what they will find. If the crushing debris and the flames didn’t get them, the smoke did. Gale’s at my shoulder. The fact that he does nothing only confirms my suspicions. Miners don’t abandon an accident until its hopeless. â€Å"Come on, Katniss. Haymitch says they can get a hovercraft in for us now,† he tells me, but I cant seem to move. â€Å"Why would they do that? Why would they target people who were already dying?† I ask him. â€Å"Scare others off. Prevent the wounded from seeking help,† says Gale. â€Å"Those people you met, they were expendable. To Snow, anyways. If the Capitol wins, what will it do with a bunch of damaged slaves?† I remember all those years in the woods, listening to Gale rant against the Capitol. Me, not paying close attention. Wondering why he even bothered to dissect its motives. Why thinking like our enemy would ever matter. Clearly, it could have mattered today. When Gale questioned the existence of the hospital, he was not thinking of disease, but this. Because he never underestimates the cruelty of those we face. I slowly turn my back to the hospital and find Cressida, flanked by the insects, standing a couple of yards in front of me. Her manner’s unrattled. Cool even. â€Å"Katniss,† she says. â€Å"President Snow just had them air the bombing live. Then he made an appearance to say that this was his way of sending a message to the rebels. What about you? Would you like to tell the rebels anything?† â€Å"Yes,† I whisper. The red blinking light on one end of the cameras catch my eye. I know I’m being recorded. â€Å"Yes,† I say more forcefully. Everyone is drawing away from me–-Gale, Cressida, the insects—giving me the stage. But I stay focused on the red light. â€Å"I want to tell the rebels that I am alive. That I’m right here in District Eight, where the Capitol has just bombed a hospital full of unarmed men, women, and children. There will be no survivors.† The shock I’ve been feeling being to give way to fury. â€Å"I want to tell people that if you think for one second the Capitol will treat us fairly if there’s a cease-fire, you’re deluding yourself. Because you know who they are and what they do† my hands go out automatically, as if to indicate the whole horror around me. â€Å"This is what they do! And we must fight back!† I’m moving in toward the camera now, carried forward by my rage. â€Å"President Snow says he’s sending us a message? Well, I have one for him. You can torture us and bomb us and burn our districts to the ground, but do you see that?† One of the cameras follows as I point to the planes burning on the roof of the warehouse across from us. The Capitol seal on a wing glows clearly through the flame. â€Å"Fire is catching!† I am shouting now, determined that he will not miss a word. â€Å"And if we burn, you burn with us!† My last words hang in the air. I feel suspended in time. Held aloft in a cloud of heat that generates not from my surroundings, but from my own being. â€Å"Cut!† Cressida’s voice snaps me back to reality, extinguishes me. She gives me a nod of approval. â€Å"That’s a wrap.†

Un-Victorian Tenets of Brownings Strange Medical Experience of Karshish, the Arab Physician :: Strange Medical Experience of Karshish

Un-Victorian Tenets of Browning's Strange Medical Experience of Karshish, the Arab Physician Robert Browning's "An Epistle Containing the Strange Medical Experience of Karshish, the Arab Physician" is a dramatic monologue in which Karshish writes to Abib about his experiencing the miracle of Jesus, when he raises Lazarus from the dead. "Karshish" is a dramatic monologue containing most of the tenets of Browning. Although "Karshish" is in the form of a letter, it is still an excellent example of a dramatic monologue. There is a speaker, Karshish, who is not the poet. There is a silent audience, Abib the reader of the letter. There is a mental exchange between the speaker and the audience: Karshish writes as if Abib were right in front of him listening to everything. This can be seen in the hang between "here I end" and "yet stay;" it is as if Abib were getting up to leave (61-2). There is a distinct critical moment, when Karshish decides to write about his original concern: "Yet stay. . . I half resolve to tell thee, yet I blush/ What set me off a-writing first of all" (62, 65-6). "Karshish" has all the basics to a dramatic monologue. It also contains a character study in which the speaker speaks from an extraordinary perspective. Karshish is a humble doctor from one of the most civilized nations of the time, he has seen most of the civilized world, and he is still amazed by the miracle that he witnessed. His amazement after having seen many great things in the world proves to the audience that this event was indeed spectacular and significant. In the non-Christian world, the most common response is to doubt and to reject, but because of the conviction of the speaker the audience believe that the miracle did happen. This contrast between doubt and believe creates the dramatic tension of the work. Thus, "Karshish" contains the character study and dramatic tension which make the work a dramatic monologue. "Karshish" contains many of the tenets of Browning. One of first tenets noticed is the idea that physical success in this life does not correspond to success in the next. This can be seen in the peaceful "carelessness" seen in Lazarus after being raised from the dead despite the

“Mob Scene” Commentary Essay

During the mob scene in To Kill A Mockingbird, author Harper Lee uses juxtaposition of light and dark imagery to convey the contrast that exists between good and evil. Through this comparison, the suspenseful and tense mood is portrayed strongly to the reader. Throughout the scene, dark shadows are vividly associated with the theme of evil, and the mob. The first evidence that clearly builds suspense about the mob is â€Å"shadows became substance as lights revealed solid shapes†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (202). This quote server to keep the readers mind thinking about how the mob might actually look. Since Harper Lee leaves a neutral expression on the mobs faces, the reader can make their own interpretation on the mobs facial expression, and how they look. Solid shapes may also be a sign of evil or harmful beings since there are not any physical features associated to the body. By saying the bodies were dark solid shapes, a suspenseful mood is made and portrayed to the reader. As the tense mood arises throughout the mob scene, Scout, Jem and Dill decide to go help out Atticus. â€Å"I pushed myself through dark smelly bodies and burst into the circle of light.† (203). In this part of the scene, innocent Scout pushes her way through the dark mob, finding herself in a circle of light with Atticus. The dark mob, and the circle of light in which Atticus sits, makes a very distinct barrier of good and evil. Atticus being the â€Å"good guy† sits and guards his defendant Tom Robinson in the circle of light while the dark smelly bodies of the mob plan to murder them both. Having both sides with different opinions, intentions and colour description, portrays the tense mood. The final evidence from the mob scene that displays a contrast of good and evil is when Atticus, Scout, Jem and Dill leave the dangerous mob. â€Å"As they passed under a streetlight, Atticus reached out and massaged Jem’s hair, his one gesture of affection.† (207) This quote shows a reappearing sign of hope and goodness. Even though Atticus demanded Jem and the others to go back home (for their own good), without being successful, Atticus still loves his boy and cares for him. Harper Lee purposefully shows Atticus’s sign of  kindness to demonstrate that light is a symbol of kindheartedness and morality. In conclusion, Harper Lee creates a moment of tension and suspense in To Kill A Mockingbird during the mob scene through the juxtaposition of the ominous threat of the dark elements upon the light.

Obesity and Genetics

Obesity is characterized by a high amount of body fat or adipose tissue. This condition is common, but varies from individual to individual. There are other factors that play a role in obesity other than eating too much of the wrong foods, not exercising, or age, and gender. This factor is genetics. People with genetic risk factors that affect energy metabolism and result in an inborn susceptibility to gain weight are much different than a person who loses weight normally. Most people don’t understand that obesity can be caused by a genetic disorder that they have no control over. People that suffer from obesity are looked down upon by society because people consider them lazy or unable to control themselves around food, when actually they may eat healthier diets than an average size person does and exercise more frequent as well. People that are obese are greatly discriminated against, their denied employment because their considered a health risk, their also denied positions that are public related such as bus’s and cabs, airplanes, as well as amusement parks, and people treat them as social failures because of this. Obese people can’t walk outside of their homes without being gawked at or harassed and hurt verbally. This making it harder for them to cope with their disorder and just to avoid the criticism most isolate them self’s from the world, psychologically leading to depression, feelings of rejection, or shame, and anger issues, as well as unhealthy living and socialization skills. Motivation is dissipated and social interactions may become limited as a result. References: Obesity and Genetics. (2005, January 1). Retrieved from http://www.medicalmoment.org/_content/risks/jan05/286751.asp

Free Essays on Personalities

Personality types / The enduring characteristics of an individual's behavior, attitude, and feelings in everyday social situations make up personality. There are many influences on an individual's personality, including culture, genetic makeup, and early family life. Studies have shown that people with certain personality characteristics are more suitable for specific occupations or special activities. Personality studies can also reveal the relationship between specific types of personalities and the incidence of disease, divorce, and stress-related problems. There are many different theories concerning the nature and development of personality and the causes of personality changes. The ancient Greek physician Hippocrates believed that people behave differently because they have a predominance of one type of bodily fluid, or humor. According to this theory, people with calm or passive personalities have one dominant humor, while impulsive and temperamental people have a different dominant humor. In the 20th century, other classification schemes were advanced. The German psychiatrist Ernst Kretschmer thought that personality was determined by the person's body typesuch as plump, lean, or athletic. He suggested that short persons were more likely to be social, friendly, and lively. Both of these theories remain unproven. Major advances have been made through behavioral genetics, the field concerned with the relative influence of genetic and environmental factors on individual behavior. One approach is to study the personalities of identical (monozygotic) twins who have been separated since birth. Such individuals have the same genetic makeup but differ in the environments in which they are reared. In a related method of study, the personalities of individuals who are adopted from birth are compared to the personalities of their adoptive and biological parents. ... Free Essays on Personalities Free Essays on Personalities Personality types / The enduring characteristics of an individual's behavior, attitude, and feelings in everyday social situations make up personality. There are many influences on an individual's personality, including culture, genetic makeup, and early family life. Studies have shown that people with certain personality characteristics are more suitable for specific occupations or special activities. Personality studies can also reveal the relationship between specific types of personalities and the incidence of disease, divorce, and stress-related problems. There are many different theories concerning the nature and development of personality and the causes of personality changes. The ancient Greek physician Hippocrates believed that people behave differently because they have a predominance of one type of bodily fluid, or humor. According to this theory, people with calm or passive personalities have one dominant humor, while impulsive and temperamental people have a different dominant humor. In the 20th century, other classification schemes were advanced. The German psychiatrist Ernst Kretschmer thought that personality was determined by the person's body typesuch as plump, lean, or athletic. He suggested that short persons were more likely to be social, friendly, and lively. Both of these theories remain unproven. Major advances have been made through behavioral genetics, the field concerned with the relative influence of genetic and environmental factors on individual behavior. One approach is to study the personalities of identical (monozygotic) twins who have been separated since birth. Such individuals have the same genetic makeup but differ in the environments in which they are reared. In a related method of study, the personalities of individuals who are adopted from birth are compared to the personalities of their adoptive and biological parents. ...

Staging of Strategic Initiatives Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Staging of Strategic Initiatives - Assignment Example Consequently, strategic initiatives are bound by time, that is, time is specified for starting and completion of initiatives. The power of buyers dictates the number of sales that a firm makes. A firm has a large customer base if it uses giant retail outlets such as Wal-Mart. The store is a strategic distribution point since it is frequented by many buyers. However, this also implies that the buyers have immense power in dictating the success or failure of the firm. Thus, the buyers of Memorex flash drives have more power. Firms that are effective in reducing operational cost and also making products that look different from competitor’s products are better off than firms that implement cost leadership and differentiation separately. A differentiating firm is usually a step ahead in the market since customers tend to think theta the products are not close substitutes. This leads to more production at low costs, courtesy of economies of scale. Repeating the same task every time enhances the simplicity of the task. Consequently, an individual can understand various effects that can arise from a specific activity. This enhances the clarity and thus ability to be more productive. Repeatability enables a company to dedicate resources in new productive contexts, thus triggering more growth. A product loses value once new entrants impose substitutes on the market. The substitutes perform the same function as the original product, thus, purchase of one brand reduces sales of other substitutes. The market forces pull the prices down until an equilibrium price is achieved. This is the reason why the price of Laser teeth whitener fell from $500 to $100 upon introduction of other products that perform the same purpose. Espresso machines brew coffee and Starbucks roasts coffee beans and also makes a coffee beverage. However, the espresso process is automatic and involves pressurized  water mixing with coffee to produce the beverage.  

Methodological issues with financial ratios Essay

Methodological issues with financial ratios - Essay Example The paper is an attempt to analyze the accuracy of the statement taking the evidence from the last 10 years from the research work published. Use of Financial Ratios Financial ratios are used by the company stakeholders as they have different kind of interest in the concerned company. The shareholders assess the ratios and take the decision whether the performance of the company would be profitable for them, thereby take the investment decisions. The company management analyzes the flaws of the performance of past years and tries to improve it in the future years using ratio analysis tool. The creditors of the company try to find that the company is creditworthy anymore or not (Moyer, McGuigan and Kretlow, 2008, p.58). By doing the comparable analysis of ratios an investor or a prospective investor take the decision that which firm is better to invest, from where they can get the best return when the company management has the interest that how their company is performing with respec t to the industry standard (Hitchner, 2011, p.103). When doing the ratio analysis for the above mentioned various purposes then the user should make sure that he has considered the various factors which affect the variables of the ratio. ... The two companies may be in same industry, but their size and their focus areas can be different, so it would not provide the accurate result by doing the ratio analysis without taking the factors associated with it (Brigham and Ehrhardt, 2010, p.109). Two companies may not follow the same accounting standards, or a company can change the accounting standards they are following in recent years. The taxation rules of different states or countries are different as well as the political condition also. A multinational company has to face different inflation, different taxation rules throughout the world. So whether doing the trend analysis or cross sectional analysis an analyst should consider these factors. There are also technical factors associated with this issue. The analysts use many statistical tools which take the assumption that the data is normally distributed but in reality it doesn’t happen, and the outcome of the analysis not become fruitful. A research study was per formed by taking the data of 66 listed Malaysian firms and the data was of the period 1980 to 1996. The sample firms were taken from 3 different industries. It is seen by the researchers while doing that research that only current asset percentage was conformed to normal distribution, which supports the fact that all data used in the statistical tool for performing ratio analysis is not normally distributed which is assumed by the analysts generally. For doing the ratio analysis effectively the researcher used three types of transformation techniques namely square, square root and natural log. The square and square root process proved as ineffective as they consider the data as normally distributed, which the natural log process don’t. The researchers

International Sales Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

International Sales - Term Paper Example The study would focus upon the gaming console industry as the product to be marketed and sold in the Indian consumer market. The choice of nation assumes significance considering the fact that it s considered among the fastest growing economies of the world with a large number of potential consumers. The future chapters would be devoted towards creating a framework for the market entry strategy of the firm in the Indian consumer market. Market Analysis India represents one of the fastest growing consumer markets in the twenty first century. A research conducted by the global consultancy states that the size of the Indian consumer market is like to expand by approximately four times its present value and is likely to be the fifth biggest consumer market by the year 2025. The majority (approximately 68 percent) of this growth would take place in the urban areas. A research report conducted by Nielsen places the nation in the first slot in a survey conducted on consumer confidence. It i s perhaps for this reason that the nation is witnessing increased private equity participation as well as mergers and acquisitions (IBEF, 2010). The growth of the consumer markets can also be related to the burgeoning economy of the nation. India is presently accredited as one of the fastest growing economies with high growth rates. An increased investment has enhanced the consumption levels of in the citizens of the nations as they have reported higher levels of disposable income. This has led to an increase in the demand for goods and services which reflects large scale opportunities for organizations especially those operating from the Western world. New locations are important for these organizations as the present and traditional markets of Europe and North... The essay "International Sales" provides an empirical analysis of the aspect of international expansion and is devoted towards creating a framework for the market entry strategy of the firm in the Indian consumer market. India represents one of the fastest growing consumer markets in the twenty-first century. A research conducted by the global consultancy states that the size of the Indian consumer market is like to expand by approximately four times its present value and is likely to be the fifth-biggest consumer market by the year 2025. The majority of this growth would take place in the urban areas. A research report conducted by Nielsen places the nation in the first slot in a survey conducted upon consumer confidence. It is perhaps for this reason that the nation is witnessing increased private equity participation as well as mergers and acquisitions. The growth of the consumer markets can also be related to the burgeoning economy of the nation. India is presently accredited as one of the fastest growing economies with high growth rates. An increased investment has enhanced the consumption levels of in the citizens of the nations as they have reported higher levels of disposable income. This has led to an increase in the demand for goods and services which reflect large-scale opportunities for organizations especially those operating from the Western world. New locations are important for these organizations as the present and traditional markets of Europe and North America have been saturated.

Ambition Essay Example for Free

Ambition Essay Ambition is the strong desire to achieve something in life. A person without future ambition is like a relationship without trust. Having ambition requires continuous effort towards achieving it. One cannot achieve anything if one just day dreams and does nothing. My greatest ambition is to attend medical school, and become a doctor. I was inspired by my grandmother, as well as, the great passion I have in helping others. Seeing the person that one loves in agony is hard, but not being able to do something to help is even harder. I experienced something like this when my grandmother became very ill with liver cancer. She had always been a strong woman with a strong desire of helping others. But with her condition, she had to become dependent on us, something she hated. She came here to seek better medical care, because the medical care in Mexico is very poor. Her arrival brought many changes to my life; socially and mentally. I spent most of my time watching after her in the hospital and at home. The responsibility that was set on me was hard, but I enjoyed every moment, and memory that I obtain from it. That experience brought both negative and positive situations to my life, which shaped me into the person I am now. Like I said, the moments and memories spent with her are something that will stay with me forever. But, also, my overall performance at school was affected. The circumstances caused me to leave at half way through my 8th grade year. I can say now, that back in those days I cared little about school and didnt see leaving school as a big problem. But now that I have the opportunity to look back, I don’t regret the moments missed because I have the certainty that I did it for the best reasons. Seeing all the attention and help she received from doctors and nurses was the final factor that convinced me to become a doctor. My goal after I become a doctor, is to move back to Mexico to serve my country, and contribute in making medical attention better. In conclusion, planning one’s future by having an ambition that one is determine to accomplish is important. Sitting in hope that life will bring everything ones way will get one no further from where one started. And like my grandmother always use to tell me, â€Å"success consists of a series of little, daily, victories. †

Case Study of clinical decision making in practice

Case Study of clinical decision making in practice This assignment was written by a Community Matron working in a Primary Care setting for a local GP surgery. Using a case study approach, it aims to illustrate a clear, logical account of clinical decision making in the practice environment, whereby the patient was fully assessed, differential diagnosis reached, and effectively treated, furthermore, through a collaborative model of consultation (Rudisill et al 2006) and working, professionals pooled knowledge and resources and carers were educated to reduce further incidences of the problem illustrating the benefits of proactive care from the Community Matron ( Boaden, Dusheiko and Gravelle 2005). The patient was chosen for this study as this was the third incidence of the presenting condition in as many months, making it obvious to the practitioner that whilst the problem had been treated on previous occasions, further investigation of the condition and a constructive, concerted approach was needed to prevent future recurrences and to maintain patient comfort. In accordance with the Nursing and Midwifery Councils Code of Conduct (NMC 2009), consent was granted by the patient prior to undertaking the study and names changed to protect identity and maintain confidentiality, for this reason the patient will be referred to as Jack Lowe and his wife as Linda. Multiple complex pathologies and socioeconomic conditions influenced the development of the patients skin condition, due to the constraints of word allowance it was not possible to elaborate on all the contributing factors; for the purpose of this assignment, the practitioner aimed to give a brief overview of pathologies and to concentrate on consultation and clinical decision making from a primary and secondary prevention perspective Jack had been registered with the Community Matron for eighteen months; he had a history of coronary heart disease having experienced a cerebrovascular accident resulting in right sided hemi paresis with reduced mobility ten years ago, and a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes two years ago. Following a history of poor diabetic control, Jack was referred to the Community Matron by his Gp in June 2008 to provide ongoing education and support for Jack and Linda in order to more effectively manage Jacks condition and minimise complications of diabetes (DoH 2001). Information, education and psychological support is the cornerstone of diabetic care (DoH 2001); the Diabetic Specialist Nurse proved an invaluable resource to the Community Matron who was subsequently able to provide dietary advice to Jack and Linda both verbally and written using a patient handbook (NICE 2002a). This approach proved successful and diabetic control improved, consequently Community Matron visits were reduced to a mont hly support and monitoring regime. However, carers recently noticed a skin problem during morning visit (see Appendix 2) and referred Jack to the Community Matron for reassessment. Systematic and sensitive assessment has been a key government policy in primary health and community care (RCN 2004); accurate medical history taking is vital as this is arguably the most important aspect of consultation (Crumbie and Walsh 2006) with 80% of diagnoses formulated on the interview alone (Epstein, Perkin, Cookson and Bono 2003). Skin problems constitute 15% of GP consultations; essential management requires a history of the complaint as well as background information, including general health and concurrent treatment (Parker 2009). Following a full explanation, reassessment (appendix 1), took into consideration the personal areas involved and the possibility that the condition was sexually transmitted; sensitive questioning of sexual history was undertaken and noted. Information was gained using a variety of methods, including open questioning of Jack, wife Linda, medical notes, hospital discharge letters and Care Agency daily records. Whilst interviewing Jack it became apparent that he was feeling depressed, further questioning confirmed that Jack had been feeling depressed for some time (Patient Health Questionaire-PHQ 9 completed and filed in Jacks notes with a copy to GP), Linda had been ill with a cold earlier in the year and had snapped at Jack, he said that he felt that he was a burden and refused to be persuaded otherwise becoming very tearful during the consultation. After further discussion, Linda agreed that she had been finding it difficult to cope and agreed to accept more help during the day; referrals were made to social services and to crossroads to provide day sitting service to allow Linda time to herself. Antidepressants were discussed for short-term relief of symptoms but both Jack and Linda felt that with extra support they would both improve. Assessment tools to aid memory and ensure relevant information is identified include mnemonics whereby an easily remembered acronym associates with list items (mnemonic). Mnemonics have been used since the second century BC (Nager and Heinrichs 2009), whilst SOCRATES is generally used by medical professionals as a pain assessment tool to gain insight into patients condition (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socrates-(pain assessment), the practitioner could find no validation of this tool, although Clayton et al (2000) use this acronym in their study, they too fail to highlight the origins of the acronym and provide no validation or references. A plethora of mnemonics can be found to assist in consultation and assessment http://www.medicalmnemonics.com/), acronyms considered, included SWIPE (starts, worse, improves, pain, episode), LOSTWAR (location, onset, severity, worsening, alleviating and radiating), nevertheless, the practitioner found SOCRATES easy to remember and relevant to Jacks condition, pertinently, she found this particular tool an invaluable resource when gaining a concise history of the presenting problem(See appendix 2). Recent blood test results reviewed (appendix 3), vital signs of blood pressure, pulse, and temperature recorded, and shown to be within normal limits, no pyrexia was noted which precluded infection, weight, BMI, waist measurements and random capillary blood glucose levels were taken and compared to previous results. Whilst there appeared little change in general observations, Jack had gained 5kg in weight with a proportional 7cm increase in girth measurements, Hba1c levels had increased from 6.3% in June 2009 to 7.8% in January 2009; also his eGFR had decreased from 49ml/min in June 2009 to 44ml/min in January 2010. Medication (appendix 1) was reviewed to assess if this may have contributed to the condition and whilst Aspirin, Bisoprolol and Xismox all have itching and rash listed as a side effect, this is indicative of an allergic reaction which occurs suddenly (BNF 2009), over the counter medication and herbal remedies were also explored and Jack confirmed that he only used prescription medication, and therefore it was perceived medication could not have initiated the problem. Jack has no documented allergies to medication which could possibly have caused a rash, and has not been receiving antibiotic therapy which may have predisposed him to fungal infections (Hilson 2002). Jacks wife confirmed that no new topical agents or laundry powders have been used recently which may have triggered a skin reaction (Parker 2009). Following history taking and full explanation, consent for examination was obtained. Whilst Jack was well known to the practitioner and a confident, professional relationship established, sensitivity was shown to the fact that he would be partially undressed during the procedure, examination was then conducted in the privacy of the bedroom with the curtains and windows closed, pertinently, a clean sheet was used to cover areas not under scrutiny to ensure only the relevant areas of Jacks body remained uncovered at one time during the procedure to maintain dignity, Linda was present throughout the examination at Jacks request. Physical examination was then undertaken using the skills of inspection and palpation, the senses of touch, listening and smell, physical findings from the examination were then integrated into the diagnostic process. According to Epstein, Perkin, Cookson and Bono (2003) there is a tendency to focus on the localised area of skin but as an organ in its own right skin should be fully examined to gain maximum information. A full examination in good light is essential to identify details necessary to formulate a differential diagnosis, these include, site, distribution, pattern, colour, heat, flat or raised surface and any ulceration (Chadha 2009 Bickley and Szilagyi). A careful inspection ruled out rash or dry skin problems elsewhere on the body, however, the skin between the groins extending onto the scrotum was intensely reddened, cracked in skin folds, covered in a moist rash with a creamy curd discharge, well defined borders and scaling on the edges, small satellite lesions outside the scaly borders and a yeast like odour was present. On palpation, the skin felt damp, heat radiated from the skin and the area was sore when touched. Nevertheless palpation of the inguinal area revealed no pain, or l ymph node enlargement, Jack was apyrexial and said that he felt well apart from the skin problem indicating no outward signs systemic infection. Clinical decision making is often fraught with uncertainties, however, expert diagnosticians maintain a degree of suspicion throughout the assessment process, consider a range of potential explanations, then generate and narrow their differential diagnosis, based on own experience, familiarity with the evidence related to various diagnoses, and understanding of their individual patient. Ultimately, diagnosis is confirmed or ruled out by combining findings from physical examination and history and comparing them to findings from diagnostic studies which closely match presentation of the problem (Goolsby and Grubbs 2006). A plethora of skin conditions exist which were initially considered including eczema (or dermatitis), the commonest inflammatory condition accounting for 30-40% of dermatology consultations (Forslind and Lindberg 2003), flexural psoriasis had some features and associated factors i.e. affecting skin folds but as no lesions elsewhere on the body and no history of psoriasis this was only fleetingly considered, whilst distribution, symptoms and appearance of incontinence dermatitis was almost identical to Jacks condition, he had in situ a fully functioning urethral catheter and no faecal or urine leakage problems which could have initiated the condition. Following reassessment, consideration of medical, social history, physical findings and clinical manifestations of the disease, only five conditions were included in the diagnostic process (appendix 4). Differential diagnosis of Intertrigo was initially included but discounted as the area had signs of skin infection not associated with Intertrigo which is an inflammatory condition and not an infection (Parker 2009), Erythrasma, and Bacterial Intertrigo were considered as the localisation, namely skin folds fit the inclusion criteria and then discarded as images of Erythrasma and Bacterial Intertrigo were too dissimilar to Jacks rash, coupled with the fact that the yeasty smell and white areas on the skin appeared more consistent with fungal rather than bacterial infection. Tinea Cruris is commonly caused by the fungus Trichophyton rubrum and looked remarkably similar; however, this diagnosis was discounted as there was fungal rash to scrotum which was inconsistent with Tinea Cruris and no Tinea Pedis (maceration of interdigital web folds) consistent with the condition (Brannon 2009). Whilst a KOH test, performed by examining skin scrapings under a microscope, would have given an absolute diagnosis, the practitioner felt confident that as the description of Candidal Intertrigo (Brannon 2004) most closely matched the physical manifestations and characteristic distribution of Jacks skin condition, coupled with the fact that Intertrigo Candida had been previously diagnosed and treated if not eradicated, this appeared the most likely diagnosis. In order to effectively treat the skin problems one must first consider the underlying pathology of the condition. The skin is the largest organ of the body and forms a barrier between the internal organ and the external environment as people age, less efficient micro-circulation results in reduced blood flow, skin becomes drier, less elastic and more permeable, making it more susceptible to damage (Ousey 2005). Elderly people, therefore like Jack who are obese and less mobile, have increased prolonged occlusion in areas such as groins, resulting in more moisture and warmth in skin. Intertrigo occurs when two occluded, moist surfaces of skin rub together with the resulting friction setting up the inflammatory process (Parker 2009). Following activation by cells present in tissues, macrophages, dendritic cells, histiocytes, Kuppfer cells and mastocytes inflammatory mediators are released and vasodilation increases blood flow, causing itching, redness and heat, the blood vessels become more permeable resulting in oedema and the release of bradykinin increases sensitivity to pain (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inflammation). This cycle continues due to the constant chafing stimulus provided by the two skin surfaces leading to chronic inflammation and a moist warm environment where Candida can thrive (Gullo 2009). Key aims of the health professional in treating Candidal infections are identifying and encouraging the management of underlying predisposing risks as this will improve symptoms and minimise recurrence(Parker 2009). Candidal (yeast infections) are commonly caused by Candida Abicans, which is normally present on body surfaces, colonisation with the fungus (Mims et al 2001) has an increased incidence in obese, the immunosuppressed, and diabetic patients with increased prevalence in the elderly and in those with poor personal hygiene (Weller et al 2008, Parker 2009), antibiotic therapy is also known to predispose the patient to fungal infections (Hilson 2002). Interestingly, whilst it is generally accepted that diabetics are more prone to Candida Albicans infection, the practitioner could find only scant explanation for this, Hall and Hall (2009) and Laube and Farrell (2002) suggest that high blood glucose levels encourage proliferation of bacteria and attacks from microbials and fungal infections, Mims et al (2001) agree and also propose that skin sepsis is poorly controlled in diabetics probably due to defective chemotaxis and phagocytosis in polymorphs which show impaired energy metabolism, they add that in vitro, the energy of polymorphs is rapidly restored by the addition of insulin. Following diagnosis and identification of multifactoral elements and risk factors, treatment was commenced, primarily to eradicate the Candida infection and secondly through a structured programme of health promotion, and collaborative working, risk factors were reduced to minimise recurrence. Treatment options considered included therapeutic and non therapeutic options. Therapeutic treatment is aimed at secondary prevention whereby therapy is commenced to treat the condition and prevent further complication. Whilst Candida Albicans is a common infection in the elderly (Hall and Hall 2009), invasive candiadasis (candidaemia) occurs when the pathogen become systemic and is associated with significant mortality and morbidity (Gullo2009, Candiadasis http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Candidiasis ). Guidelines show (BNF 2009) that therapeutic interventions of Candidal Intertrigo are confined to topical treatment with an Imidazole cream with an added steroid component where inflammation is present. The decision not to treat the skin inflammation with combined antifungal and steroid cream was based on the fact that steroid therapy is contraindicated in occluded groin areas where dermal uptake of the steroid may be systemically increased, signs of infection reduced, and itching made worse (Watkins 2004, Brannon 2004). As previous infection responded to a course of antifungal treatment but recurred, advice was sought from the local pharmacist who suggested that recurrence could be partly due to stopping the treatment once condition appeared resolved, he advised that treatment with antifungal creams should be used twice daily for a minimum of two weeks after symptoms cleared. As evidence suggest(BNF 2009) that no one Imidazole more effectively treats fungal infections than the others, the choice of which to prescribe was based on nothing more than the cost of the product, past experience and availability at the small local pharmacy, therefore Clotrimazole Cream 1% 20mg was prescribed by the practitioner (NPF 2009-2011). Whilst keeping the affected area clean and dry relieves symptoms of inflammation and improves healing (Parker 2009), the practitioner could find no non-therapeutic remedies to treat the fungal infection. Here, non therapeutic treatment relates to primary prevention of the disease process, namely prevention of the disease process occurring (Katz et al 2000). This included lifestyle management to control weight, improve mobility, reduce occlusion of skin in groins, improve blood glucose control, effective skin care, and prompt identification of intertrigo (Gullo 2009, Parker 2009, Hall and hall 2009) to limit the condition and reduce the risk of infection. Carers were responsible for all Jacks hygiene needs and played a key part in primary and secondary prevention, in order to ensure effective treatment with continuity of care, written and verbal instructions were needed, consequently a care plan was devised by the practitioner in conjunction with Linda and Jack to incorporate therapeutic and non therapeutic interventions. Whilst accurate research-based information was available on the internet (http://www.library.nhs.uk/skin/SearchResults.aspx?tabID=290catID=83420), neither Jack nor Linda had access to a computer, therefore downloaded information was printed out and given to Jack to reinforce information contained in care plan. Following consultation with the Care Agency manager, a copy was then placed in Jacks file and one at the Care Agency Office. The empowerment model of health advocated by Katz (2000) suggests that the aim of the health professional is to teach people the skills to take care of their own health. Consequently, Linda and Jack were encouraged to take an active role both in treating his skin condition and in improving general health and well being. Being assertive is advocated in this model, and as Linda reported that the carers were often in a hurry to complete hygiene within allocated time limits, she was encouraged to be more assertive and to ensure that Jack had sufficient time allowed by social services for his needs, the practitioner agreed to request a reassessment if Linda considered that carer time allotted to Jack insufficient for his needs. Scrupulous cleaning is essential, however, with ph of 5.5 skin is slightly acidic (Skewes 1996, Hampson 2006) and whilst soap cleans effectively it is alkaline (ph 10-12) and if not rinsed off thoroughly, can elevate the skins natural ph, reduce antibacterial property, and encourage fungal growth; lipids naturally present on skin surface are removed making skin drier and affecting barrier function (Warner and Boissey 1999) further increasing the risk of infection. Linda was advised not to buy perfumed soaps or bubble baths as these can cause allergic reactions and skin dryness (Lievre 1996), an emollient cream was prescribed, carers were advised through the care plan to rinse and dry skin thoroughly to reduce opportunistic fungal growth (Parker 2009). Jack agreed to inform the carers if he was not dry between the groins. A management plan was included in the care plan, as early treatment can often delay or reduce the impact of the condition, carers were therefore encouraged, to closely observe groins for the first signs of the condition, and to report to Linda so that effective treatment could be implemented. Jack was subsequently referred to the physiotherapist and commenced a weekly programme of physiotherapy, he was encouraged not to use the wheelchair in the home and very slowly his mobility increased, the diabetic nurse visited to advise on diet and Linda was encouraged to participate and try to eat more healthily. About three days into treatment with the antifungal cream, Jacks skin showed marked improvement, the cream was discontinued after three weeks. Unfortunately, four weeks later, Linda reported that the condition had recurred, examination of the area showed Jacks groins only mildly affected by intertrigo with skin folds slightly reddened, no infection was noted therefore a prescription was issued by the practitioner for Actisorb Silver which she advised carers to place between groins, this served to both separate the skin folds as suggested by Practice Nurse (2009) and reduce bacterial skin count (BNF. org 2009. Whilst the practitioner could find no research based evidence to support this decision, reflection upon practice based evidence illustrated that in the past, placing this dressing on reddened groins reduced redness and prevented further exacerbation. Fungal infections can be unsightly, chronically itchy and are increasingly being recognised as a threat in critically ill adults and can be life threatening in some adults (Gullo 2009), and whilst Jack had a further recurrence of intertrigo, prompt identification of the condition and treatment reduced severity and prevented the complication of a fungal infection, however with the multifactoral elements of the condition it may recur at a later date. Hopefully, an empowered team approach will minimise risk factors and ensure that these episodes are at least reduced if not prevented.